(Not the much quieter mechanical bell). With a quiet background (countryside night time) 6–8 miles. Suburban, 2–3 miles. Loud city, 1 mile if you're listening for it.
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Sound can travel a very long way, especially if there are no buildings or hilltops to soak up the sound. If you live somewhere very quiet and very flat then I would not be surprised to hear a horn from miles away.
Every motor vehicle when operated upon a highway shall be equipped with a horn in good working order and capable of emitting sound audible under normal conditions from a distance of not less than two hundred feet (200'), but no horn or other warning device shall emit an unreasonably loud or harsh sound or a whistle.
The intensity of sound will vary at night, sometimes louder and sometimes softer. It has to do with the height and strength of a temperature inversion just above the ground. On clear, calm nights, it is cooler at the ground than higher up.
The rule mandates when locomotive engineers sound horns — at least 15, but no more than 20 seconds, in advance of all public crossings; how they're sounded — in a pattern of two long, one short, one long blast; and how loud the horns are — between 96 and 110 decibels.
Anyway, don't blame the engineer: They're required to blow that horn. The regulation in question is called the Final Rule on the Use of Locomotive Horns—a name that strongly implies they've had just about enough of your bitching—and it requires four blasts 15 to 20 seconds before every crossing.
The reason that trains honk their horns so much at night is because it's dark and the trains aren't so easy to see. Even though the lights are on, we sometimes can't see them coming, especially around the many blind curves near or ahead of the train station.
If you hear, two small horns, it means the motorman is asking the guard to direct the railway signal to start the train. In case you hear three smaller horns, it suggests that the motorman has lost control over the train. This also acts as a signal to pull the vacuum break immediately. This signal is rarely heard.
As you saw from the DJD Labs test above, actual huge cast-metal locomotive horns top out at 149.4 decibels. Do you think a little electric horn or air horn can do more than 150 decibels? To put things in perspective, a firecracker or a shot from a rifle is around 150 decibels.
Two short whistles mean that the engineer acknowledges that he or she heard or saw a signal that affects movement. Three short ones mean that the engineer intends to make a reverse movement. Two long, one short and one long mean trains are approaching a highway or street crossing. And the list goes on.
Have you ever thought why trains blow their horns so often and so loudly? The truth is that they have to. And the main reason for that is safety. Locomotive engineers are required to honk every now and then, which is written down in the regulations called the Final Rule on the Use of Locomotive Horns.
Fact #7: Trains Are Bigger than TracksPeople may think they can stand alongside tracks and be safe from a train, but the truth is trains are wider than the tracks. A train can extend three or more feet on either side of the steel rail, so the safe zone for pedestrians is well beyond three feet on either side.
Why do trains honk so loud at night? Train horns sound at the same volume whenever they are sounded. They often have minimum volume requirements, to ensure they can be heard far enough away for workers in a working environment to seek safety.
This rule applies 24 hours a day, even if a crossing is equipped with lights, bells and crossing gates. Train crews also may deem it necessary to sound a horn as a warning when there is a vehicle, person or animal near the tracks.
Train horns may be sounded in emergency situaons or to comply with other railroad or FRA rules even within a quiet zone. Quiet zone regulaons also do not eliminate the use of locomove bells at crossings.