Therefore, there are five key pillars based on Cooper et al. [24] and UNWTO & UNEP (2), i.e., a) Attraction, b) Accessibility, c) Amenity, d) Ancillary, and e) Community Involvement. Regarding those key pillars of sustainable tourism development, some studies have been conducted.

The 5 Pillars of Tourism (often referred to as the "5 As") are the fundamental components required for any destination to successfully attract and support visitors. In 2026, these are defined as: 1. Attraction, the primary reason people visit (e.g., the Eiffel Tower or a tropical beach); 2. Accessibility, how easy it is to reach the destination via plane, train, or road; 3. Amenities, the essential services like hotels, restaurants, and public restrooms; 4. Available Packages (or Activities), the things to do once you arrive, such as guided tours or shopping; and 5. Ancillary Services, the support systems like tour operators, travel insurance, and banking. Some modern frameworks substitute "Ancillary" with "Affordability" or "Accountability" (sustainability), but the "Attraction-Accessibility-Amenity-Ancillary-Activity" model remains the standard for urban and regional planning. Without all five pillars working in harmony, a destination will struggle to provide a high-quality guest experience. For instance, a world-class "Attraction" will fail if there is poor "Accessibility" or a lack of basic "Amenities" like clean hotels.