A PASMO card is a rechargeable "smart" IC card that is arguably the most essential tool for navigating Japan. Primarily used in the Greater Tokyo area, it covers almost all trains, subways, and buses, regardless of the operator (it works on JR East, Tokyo Metro, and private lines). However, its utility is no longer limited to Tokyo; through Japan's "Nationwide Mutual Usage Service," a Pasmo card also works on major transit systems in cities like Osaka, Kyoto, Nagoya, and Fukuoka. Beyond transportation, Pasmo is a widely accepted "digital wallet" for shopping and retail. You can use the balance to pay at convenience stores (7-Eleven, Lawson, FamilyMart), at thousands of vending machines, in "Eki-naka" station shops, and at many restaurants and drugstores. In 2026, most travelers prefer the Mobile PASMO (available on iPhone and Android), which allows you to "tap and go" with your phone and refill your balance instantly using Apple Pay or Google Pay. It is worth noting that while it covers "local" transit, it does not cover the base fare of the Shinkansen (bullet train) without separate ticketing, though it can be used to pay for the "fare" portion of certain limited express trains.