People don't usually eat or drink anything other than water while on the train. When riding the Shinkansen or on a long train ride in a green car (reserved seating) you are allowed to eat and drink. The seats actually have tables and cup holders. There are also food, drinks, and snacks being sold in these train cars.
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Having a few drinks is perfectly acceptable; the emphasis on Shinkansen trains is quiet stress-free travel (even loud mobile phone conversations aren't allowed). BUT, do not become intoxicated (i.e. drunk) on board (or any other public space in Japan) to the point of being loud/obnoxious/rude/physically violent etc.
According to JR regulations, each passenger may bring up to two pieces of luggage onto trains, not including smaller bags. Each piece of luggage may not weigh more than 30kg, and its three dimensions (length, width and depth) may not add up to more than 250cm, while its length may not exceed 200cm.
Items designated as prohibited by the Civil Aeronautics Act cannot be placed inside checked baggage. (Examples include toxic gases, flammable gases, flammable liquids, compressed gases.) Although dry ice, alcoholic liquids, and cigarette lighters fall under the “Prohibition for Carriage of Explosives etc.
You + Two Bags = No Extra ChargeUnlike many transportation options, traveling with Amtrak is twice as nice with our generous baggage policy. When you travel with us, you can carry-on two free pieces of luggage. Each item should not exceed 50 lbs. (23 kg) and needs to be 28 x 22 x 14 inches in size.
There's also no cultural relevance that prohibits people from eating while walking. As long as you are following TPO guidelines, you should be good. While it's okay to eat while eating, it's not a common practice. Japanese people are mindful of having cleanliness and respect for public spaces.
Not Being Noisy on the Train is an Iron RuleThere is no rule against talking in the train car, but if your conversation is loud enough to be heard by those around you, it is considered rude and annoying. Japanese consider discussing private matters in public to be unseemly and rude.
The availability of toilets on trains in Japan depends on the type and class of the train, as well as the specific route. While many long-distance and high-speed trains, such as the shinkansen (bullet trains), are equipped with toilets, some local and commuter trains may not have them.
Avoid things like tank tops, shorts, and mini-skirts. Opting for more conservative clothing is always a safe bet even if you don't plan to visit temples or shrines. It's also generally frowned upon for women to show cleavage. Clothing with offensive messages or designs.
Travelers are permitted to bring a two-month (60 day) supply of any permissible over-the-counter medication, and an equivalent amount of vitamins. This also applies to contact lenses.