1 hour before to 1 hour after your ETA (at the listed destination), the ceiling will be at least 2,000' AGL, and the visibility will be at least 3 SM. It's called the 1-2-3 rule; this is the easiest way to remember this section.
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You need to name an alternate airport on your IFR flight plan if, for the period of time one hour before and one hour after your estimated time of arrival, the weather is forecast to include a ceiling of 2,000 feet agl and/or visibilities less than three statute miles (the 1-2-3 rule).
An airport may not be qualified for alternate use if the airport NAVAID is unmonitored, is Global Positioning System (GPS) based, or if it does not have weather reporting capabilities.
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has established a special certification called a restricted privileges ATP certificate which allows pilots who have less than 1,500 hours of flight time or who are below the minimum age of 23 to serve as co-pilots until they have amassed the required number of hours.
Definition: The 5/20 rule is a norm of the Indian Aviation Ministry under which national carriers are required to have five years of operational experience and a fleet of minimum 20 aircraft to fly overseas. This is applicable to all commercial aviation organisations flying passengers.
Golden Rule 1-Aviate. The PF must fly the aircraft (pitch attitude, thrust sideslip, heading) to stabilize the aircraft's pitch attitude, bank angle, vertical flight path and horizontal flight path. The PM must back up the PF (by monitoring and making call outs till aircraft stabilised). Golden Rule 2-Navigate.
The 80:20 rule means airlines need to use their take-off slots at least 80% of the time in order to retain them. A justified non-use provision will be retained to prevent airlines flying ghost flights.
Standard takeoff minima are one statute mile for aircraft having two engines or less and one-half statute mile for aircraft having more than two engines. Specified ceiling and visibility minima will allow visual avoidance of obstacles during the initial climb at the standard climb gradient.
Unfortunately, some medical or health issues may cause you to fail the extensive medical examinations required to become a pilot. This includes certain heart diseases, conditions such as epilepsy, poor hearing, bad vision, and even common allergies, as certain allergy medications can make you drowsy.