The ATC system prevents high-speed passenger train-on-train collisions and excessive speeds. The advanced ATC system exercises complete control over the entire dedicated track and every operating train, preventing train-on-train collisions and excessive speed.

The Japanese Shinkansen (Bullet Train) is renowned for its flawless safety record—zero passenger fatalities due to derailments or collisions in over 60 years of operation. This is achieved through the "Crash Avoidance Principle." First, the Shinkansen runs on entirely dedicated tracks with no level crossings or freight traffic, eliminating the risk of hitting cars or slow-moving trains. Second, it uses an advanced Automated Train Control (ATC) system that monitors every train's position and automatically applies brakes if a speed limit is exceeded. Furthermore, the system is integrated with the UrEDAS earthquake detection system, which can cut power and trigger emergency braking within seconds of a tremor being detected, often before the actual shockwaves reach the tracks. These layers of technology, combined with a culture of obsessive "preventive maintenance," make it the safest high-speed rail system in the world.