Why do trains sometimes sound louder?

Atmospheric ducting can cause the air to continue to transmit sound over a larger distance than usual when the air is very still. If other noises around are quieter than usual (not much traffic, very few people outside etc) then the sound will be louder by comparison.



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Cold air decreases the velocity of sound, but doesn't affect it's intensity. However, the snow covered, windless environment would likely reduce the ambient noise environment, making it possible for more distant sounds to be heard than usual. Also, your valley location might magnify distance sounds in unexpected ways.

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Anyway, don't blame the engineer: They're required to blow that horn. The regulation in question is called the Final Rule on the Use of Locomotive Horns—a name that strongly implies they've had just about enough of your bitching—and it requires four blasts 15 to 20 seconds before every crossing.

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Reduced traffic: During the nighttime, there is generally less road traffic and fewer other trains on the tracks. This allows trains to move more efficiently and with fewer delays, as they encounter fewer obstacles and can maintain a consistent speed.

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In a quiet zone, railroads have been directed to cease the routine sounding of their horns when approaching public highway-rail grade crossings. Train horns may still be used in emergency situations or to comply with other Federal regulations or railroad operating rules.

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If you hear, two small horns, it means the motorman is asking the guard to direct the railway signal to start the train. In case you hear three smaller horns, it suggests that the motorman has lost control over the train. This also acts as a signal to pull the vacuum break immediately. This signal is rarely heard.

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By 1938, the Association of American Railroads had adopted the long-long-short-long signal for rail crossings. But whatever the horn pattern, the goal is to warn people well in advance that a train is coming. In 2021, 236 people were killed at highway-rail grade crossings in the US.

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A train whistle or air whistle (originally referred to as a steam trumpet) is an audible signaling device on a steam locomotive, used to warn that the train is approaching, and to communicate with rail workers.

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Two short whistles mean that the engineer acknowledges that he or she heard or saw a signal that affects movement. Three short ones mean that the engineer intends to make a reverse movement. Two long, one short and one long mean trains are approaching a highway or street crossing. And the list goes on.

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Crossings: 2 long, 1 short, 1 long - means train is coming. That last long is to be held until the train has occupied the crossing. Also, not all crossings require a whistle. Fire: 3 short, pause, 3 short - warn nearby people/crews/etc.

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This rule applies 24 hours a day, even if a crossing is equipped with lights, bells and crossing gates. Train crews also may deem it necessary to sound a horn as a warning when there is a vehicle, person or animal near the tracks.

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One short whistle means STOP. One long whistle (three to 10 seconds) means the train is approaching a station. Two short whistles mean that the engineer acknowledges that he or she heard or saw a signal that affects movement. Three short ones mean that the engineer intends to make a reverse movement.

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No - it's the other way around. What's known as the “piston effect” occurs in tunnels, where the air in front of a passing train has to be pushed in front of the train rather than being dissipated in all directions in the open air.

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