Example: Flying over the ocean at night with no moon and no horizon at all. I would argue that any time you're flying and encounter a situation where you would not be able to continue without instruments is loggable as actual.
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(1) A person may log instrument time only for that flight time when the person operates the aircraft solely by reference to instruments under actual or simulated instrument flight conditions.
IFR is simply Instrument Flight Rules. if you mean IMC then that is a different matter altogether. IMC day or night you can log that under certain conditions which are in the Rules somewhere. Basically it is an honesty system because there is no means of audit of your logged instrument flight time.
Instrument time is, as you say, when flight is conducted solely by reference to instruments. This can further be broken down into actual and simulated time. Actual time is when you are flying in cloud or visibility below VFR minimums and cannot navigate by visual references.
As long as you're using your position and anticollision lights between sunset and sunrise, logging your night flight time after the end of civil twilight, and logging your night takeoffs and landings at least one hour after sunset, you're good to go.
010 Definitions Instrument Flight Time is defined as the time during which a pilot is controlling an aircraft in flight solely by reference to instruments (where the pilots fly the aircraft without any external visual references, in simulated or actual instrument meteorological conditions (IMC)).
Flight Hour Requirements and Time-BuildingFifty (50) hours of cross-country flight time as pilot in command, of which 10 hours must be in an airplane AND: Forty (40) hours of actual or simulated instrument time, of which 15 hours must be received from an authorized instructor who holds an instrument-airplane rating.
FAR 91.109 (c)(1) says that during simulated instrument conditions, a control seat must be occupied by a pilot rated for the aircraft. Put them together and the sole manipulator can log PIC time, and the safety pilot acting as PIC can also log PIC time.
Log it as “ground trainer” time or “ATD” time in your logbook. It can count for instrument currency, too! *However, While you can log as much as you fly, the FAA limits the amount of ATD time you can use as credit towards certification minimums.
As a VFR pilot you are responsible for terrain avoidance and avoiding other aircraft. As long as the tower clears you for a straight-in approach, there is nothing to prevent you from flying the ILS. That being said, it is fairly difficult to watch for terrain and traffic while also watching the needles.
To legally act as PIC, a private, commercial, and airline transport pilot must have a current medical certificate and have all required endorsements, ratings, and recency of experience for the type of aircraft being flown and the flight conditions under which the flight is conducted (FAR 61.3, 61.31, 61.56, 61.57).
Under FAR 61.51(d)(3), a CFI can always log PIC time when they're serving as the authorized instructor (when rated in the aircraft). Because of this, both you and your instructor are allowed to log PIC time during training flights, even in the clouds.
Pilot with Bachelor's Degree – Graduates from approved four-year universities with a Bachelor's degree and an aviation major are only required to obtain a total of 1000 hours of flight time and 200 cross country hours.
Second in Command (SIC)If you are qualified and sitting in the right seat while flying one of these aircraft, it's appropriate to ink that flight time in your logbook's SIC column. Even if you're flying a two- or four-seat trainer certificated for single-pilot operations, you can sometimes log right seat-time as SIC.
For my instrument rating checkride can we fly in actual IFR conditions to complete the flight? A. Unfortunately, no. We need VFR conditions during the flight portion because you will be acting as pilot in command.